Cost-Optimal Pathfinding Model for Multi-Echelon Logistics Network Design and Optimization: A Fourth-Party Logistics (4PL) Perspective

The adoption and integration of e-commerce strategies into existing business models have allowed many companies to broaden their customer base boost profits. However, the lack a cost-efficient logistics planning model often results in unsatisfactory performance complex multi-echelon supply chain networks. As transportation scheduling are typically managed via independent entities within network, one key challenge is achieving maximum asset utilization rates considering production flow, cost, delivery time constraints. This study leverages digital twin capabilities propose 4PL-oriented heuristics search for omnichannel scheduling. approach aims enhance flow resource while shortening waiting times An industrial case featured validate its cost-effectiveness.